What role does Propionibacterium acnes play in acne development?

Propionibacterium acnes, now more commonly referred to as Cutibacterium acnes, is a bacterium that is naturally found on the skin's surface and within hair follicles. This bacterium plays a crucial role in the development of acne because it is involved in the inflammatory process associated with the condition.

When excess sebum (oil) and dead skin cells clog hair follicles, this creates an anaerobic environment that is conducive to the growth of Cutibacterium acnes. As the bacteria proliferate, they can trigger an immune response, leading to inflammation. This inflammation manifests as the red, swollen lesions characteristic of acne. Furthermore, the metabolic byproducts of Cutibacterium acnes can also exacerbate inflammation, contributing to the overall severity of acne.

Overall, this understanding underscores why the presence and activity of Cutibacterium acnes are critically associated with the pathophysiology of acne, emphasizing its role in both pore clogging and inflammation.