How does the skin's microbiome relate to acne?

The concept of the skin's microbiome is crucial in understanding acne development. A balanced microbiome consists of a diverse community of bacteria and other microorganisms that coexist on the skin's surface without causing harm. This balanced state plays a protective role against acne by inhibiting the overgrowth of harmful bacteria, including those known to contribute to acne, such as Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes).

When the microbiome is healthy and balanced, it can help to maintain the skin's barrier function and regulate inflammation. An optimal microbial environment supports the skin's defense mechanisms, thereby reducing the likelihood of acne flare-ups. Furthermore, beneficial bacteria can produce substances that counteract or neutralize the effects of acne-promoting factors, such as excess sebum and inflammation.

In contrast, when the microbiome becomes disrupted or imbalanced, it can lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic organisms, increased inflammation, and impaired skin barrier function – all of which can exacerbate acne.