How does salicylic acid work in treating acne?

Salicylic acid is effective in treating acne primarily due to its ability to exfoliate the skin and unclog pores. It is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that penetrates deep into the skin and works by dissolving dead skin cells and excess sebum that can accumulate in hair follicles. This action helps to prevent the formation of comedones (clogged pores), which can lead to acne breakouts.

In addition to its exfoliating properties, salicylic acid has anti-inflammatory effects that can help soothe redness and swelling associated with acne. By keeping the pores clear and reducing inflammation, it helps to promote a clearer complexion and reduce the occurrence of future breakouts.

While moisturizing the skin, stimulating oil production, and acting as a sunscreen are all important aspects of skincare, they do not directly relate to the specific mechanism of action that salicylic acid employs in the treatment of acne. Thus, the correct choice highlights its pivotal role in maintaining clear and healthy skin by addressing the underlying causes of acne.